Regeneración Agroecológica: una disciplina emergente basada en el Holobionte
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Los problemas de rentabilidad y la crisis climática demandan estrategias de manejo que integren resiliencia ecológica y viabilidad productiva para los sistemas agrícolas. En este trabajo se propone y desarrollan las bases de la Regeneración Agroecológica, que sitúa al holobionte (planta y su microbioma) como unidad central de diagnóstico y manejo para restaurar la funcionalidad de sistemas agrícolas degradados. La Regeneración Agroecológica como disciplina emergente, propone la integración entre la rigurosidad científica de la agroecología y la practicidad de la agricultura regenerativa. En este trabajo se presentan los principios operativos de la Regeneración Agroecológica y un protocolo de Diagnóstico Holístico basado en el Holobionte que integra análisis microbiano, físico-químico de suelo, análisis de savia y evaluación ecológica macro del agroecosistema. Se aplicó este protocolo a 20 unidades agrícolas del Maule (Chile) para caracterizar sus estados funcionales. La mayoría de las unidades convencionales evaluadas mostró una disrupción de sus redes ecológicas. Solo una unidad agrícola presentó atributos funcionales consistentes con manejo regenerativo. De esta manera se puede constatar, que el enfoque propuesto permite diagnosticar funcionalmente sistemas agrícolas y diseñar intervenciones dirigidas a reconstruir las redes de interacción ecológicas necesarias para el correcto funcionamiento de los agroecosistemas.
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Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0.
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