Desinformación científica y engaño desorientador
Contenido principal del artículo
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6793-0307
Resumen
Defiendo que el engaño desorientador, entendido como engaño por implicatura, permite identificar una modalidad específica de desinformación científica que suele pasar inadvertida. Propongo una caracterización que lo distingue de la mentira por su estructura intencional y pragmática y muestro su instanciación en tres dominios. En la comunicación de ensayos clínicos, la presentación exclusiva de reducciones relativas de riesgo induce sobreestimaciones prácticas frente a diferencias absolutas pequeñas. En la historia pública del tabaco, la fabricación de duda se apoyó en enunciados verdaderos pero fragmentarios que desplazaron los estándares de prueba hacia una exigencia inalcanzable. En el cherry picking, el engaño desorientador produce inferencias de suficiencia y representatividad que no se siguen del conjunto total de la evidencia; ilustro el punto con ensayos de antidepresivos, el llamado hiato del calentamiento y el cambio de desenlaces en ensayos. Con ello, se ofrece un marco para reconocer, analizar y desactivar esta forma extendida de desinformación en ciencia.
Detalles del artículo
Datos de los fondos
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Universidad de Antioquia
Números de la subvención 2023-59396
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