Densificación en humedales costeros: diagnóstico para orientar infraestructura verde-azul en la planificación urbana
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La expansión urbana desordenada en zonas costeras ha intensificado la fragmentación ecológica, comprometiendo la conectividad y los servicios ecosistémicos de los humedales urbanos. Este estudio realiza un diagnóstico del humedal urbano-costero Boca Maule (Coronel, Chile) con el objeto de evaluar los efectos de la densificación urbana sobre su estructura ecológica e identificar condiciones que permitan integrar infraestructura verde-azul (IVA) en su planificación urbana. Se aplicó un análisis multitemporal (2002–2022) para evaluar el cambio en el humedal y se caracterizaron nueve tejidos urbanos adyacentes según densidad habitacional, ocupación de suelo y morfología urbana. Los resultados evidencian pérdida de superficie húmeda permanente, aumento del humedal emergente y presión por urbanización informal en zonas de riesgo, lo que ha intensificado la fragmentación ecológica del ecosistema. Asimismo, se observa heterogeneidad morfológica entre los tejidos urbanos y su relación con áreas de conservación y riesgo, lo cual incide en la conectividad ecológica y en la disponibilidad de espacios estratégicos para restauración. El estudio concluye que Boca Maule presenta condiciones territoriales favorables para la implementación de IVA, particularmente mediante zonas de amortiguación ecológica, corredores de conexión y restauración de bordes en su instrumento de planificación urbana.
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