Análisis de factores cognitivo-motivacionales en estudiantes universitarios del sur de Chile: Motivaciones de ingreso, permanencia y diferencias sociodemográficas
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La masificación del acceso a la educación superior ha traído consigo el desafío de incorporar a estudiantes con distintas motivaciones y expectativas respecto a su paso por la universidad, aspectos que influyen en el ingreso y en la permanencia en la educación superior. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar las motivaciones, expectativas y autoeficacia académica de estudiantes universitarios, considerando sexo, nivel socioeconómico y pertenencia a pueblos originarios. Se administraron instrumentos a 209 estudiantes del sur de Chile, observándose que los tres principales motivos para la decisión de ir a la universidad son: por vocación, por motivos económicos y por continuidad natural de estudios. Se encontraron diferencias según sexo y pertenencia a pueblo originario, pero no en relación al nivel socioeconómico. La autoeficacia académica y las expectativas de bienestar personal, académicas y familiares predicen la motivación. Es importante tener en cuenta estos aspectos para favorecer la permanencia en la educación superior.
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